Brain food: what to eat, when to eat, recipes

Your brain needs certain nutrients to work properly, which translates to better cognitive performance - helping you to think, learn, problem solve, remember things, and more. Eating the right foods for your brain - or 'brain food' - can also help protect it from deterioration.

How does food affect your brain?

Got an important test coming up? Huge project at work? Or just feel you need to think a bit clearer? Your diet can play a big part in this.

Dr Deborah Lee of Dr Fox Online Pharmacy explains which foods you should be eating to get the best out of your brain.

"Fresh foods contain high levels of health-giving antioxidants which protect the cells of your body from DNA damage," she says. "Known as oxidative stress, this is a major cause of many of the diseases we see today - heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, depression, and dementia."

Dr Lee says obesity is also linked to poor brain health, with a lot of research linking having overweight or obesity to poor cognitive performance.

"Obesity is often linked to poor dietary habits, with excess consumption of high-fat and high-sugar foods, and often processed foods, which are high in salt and additives, also detrimental to brain function. It is a significant risk factor for dementia," she adds.

What is the MIND diet?

Dr Lee says that the best brain food diet to follow to ensure you're getting the right nutrients is the MIND diet - a combination of the Mediterranean diet and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet.

"The MIND diet was developed after research studies showed that eating large quantities of vegetables was linked to a slower rate of cognitive decline," she explains. "The best effects were related to the highest consumption of green leafy vegetables and berries.

"Plant foods are rich in flavonoids - plant substances which have physiological and biochemical benefits for human health. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties."

A 2015 study of more than 1,000 elderly people without dementia, who were asked to complete a dietary questionnaire over 10 years, found those with the highest intake of MIND foods had the slowest chance of cognitive decline and lowest likelihood of dementia.¹

Dr Lee suggests you aim for three portions of whole grains a day, one portion of leafy green veg a day, two portions of any other veg a day, and two portions of berries per week.

She also suggests eating oily fish at least once a week and two portions of poultry per week. Nuts are also on the menu, with a recommended five portions a week.

While it's important to eat healthy as often as you can, the time you eat some of these brain foods can also play a role in how your brain functions.

"In the mornings, when you wake from sleep, this is a time for your brain to have an influx of nutrients - such as whole grains, berries, protein and caffeine," Dr Lee says.

It's bad news for the late night snackers. Dietary experts agree that eating late in the evening can contribute to obesity and poor sleep patterns. The advice is to avoid eating after 8pm.

"If you need to snack before bed, nuts can be a good choice," Dr Lee adds. "Walnuts contain magnesium and pistachios contain melatonin, both of which aid sleep. Natural yoghurt which contains probiotics - with fruit such as cherries that are high in melatonin - can also be a good suggestion."

Bond reminds us that plenty of water is essential for brain function, as is good sleep and regular exercise.

"Our brains are made up of around 75% water, so it follows that drinking water is vital for healthy brain function and good mental health," she says. "Dehydration can affect cognitive performance and motor function including fatigue, mood, concentration, short-term and long-term memory, and attention."